Anatomy & Physiology for Midwives 3: Third Edition

Abbreviations



ABP

androgen-binding protein



ACTH

adrenocorticotrophic hormone (corticotrophin)



ADH

antidiuretic hormone



AFP

alpha-fetoprotein



AIDS

acquired immune deficiency (immunodeficiency) syndrome



AMH

anti Müllerian hormone, also known as Müllerian-inhibiting substance, MIS or Müllerian-inhibiting hormone, MIH



ANP

atrial natriuretic peptide



APC

antigen-presenting cell



ATP

adenosine triphosphate



AV

arteriovenous



AVN

atrioventricular node



BAT

brown adipose tissue



BMI

body mass index



BMR

basal metabolic rate



BPD

biparietal diameter



CaH

congenital adrenal hyperplasia



CAM

calcium-binding protein (calmodulin)



cAMP

cyclic adenosine monophosphate



CAP

contraction-associated protein



CBP

corticosteroid-binding protein



CCK

cholecystokinin



CCT

controlled cord traction



CD

cluster of differentiation



CDH

congenital dislocation of the hips



cGMP

cyclic guanosine monophosphate



CMV

cytomegalovirus



CNS

central nervous system



CoA

coenzyme A



COC

combined oral contraceptive



COX

cyclo-oxygenase



CRH

corticotrophin-releasing hormone



CRH-BP

corticotrophin-releasing hormone-binding protein



CRL

crown–rump length



CSF

cytostatic factor



CVS

chorionic villus sampling



D&C

dilatation and curettage



DHA

docosahexaenoic acid



DHEAS

dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate



5
α-DHT

5α-dihydrotestosterone



DIC

disseminated intravascular coagulation



DIT

diet-induced thermogenesis



DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid



DVT

deep vein thrombosis



E
1

oestrone



E
2

oestradiol-17β



E
3

oestriol



ECG

electrocardiogram



ED

erectile dysfunction



ED-PAF

embryo-derived platelet-activating factor



EDRF

endothelium-derived relaxing factor



EGF

epidermal growth factor



ER

endoplasmic reticulum



ERPC

evacuation of retained products of conception



FBM

fetal breathing movement



FGM

female genital mutilation



FHR

fetal heart rate



FHV

fetal heart variability



FIL

factor inhibitor of lactation



FISH

fluorescent in situ hybridization



FPU

fetal–placental unit



FSH

follicle-stimulating hormone



GALT

gut-associated lymphoid tissue



GFR

glomerular filtration rate



GH

growth hormone



GI

glycaemic index



GIFT

gamete intrafallopian transfer



GIP

gastric inhibitory peptide



GL

greatest length



GLUT

glucose-transport protein



GM-CSF

granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor



GnRH

gonadotrophin-releasing hormone



GP

general practitioner



Hb

haemoglobin



hCG

human chorionic gonadotrophin



HDL

high-density lipoprotein



HDNB

haemorrhagic disease of the newborn



HELLP

haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet counts



HFEA

Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority



HIV

human immunodeficiency virus



HLA

human leukocyte antigen



hMG

human menopausal gonadotrophin



HPA

hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal



hPL

human placental lactogen



HPV

human papillomavirus



HRT

hormone replacement therapy



ICSI

intracytoplasmic sperm injection



IDDM

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus



Ig

immunoglobulin



IGF

insulin-like growth factor



IGF-BP

insulin-like growth factor binding protein



IL

interleukin



IU/i.u.

international units



IUGR

intrauterine growth retardation



IVF

in vitro fertilization



kDa

kilodalton



LBW

low birth weight



LC-PUFA

long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid



LDL

low-density lipoprotein



LH

luteinizing hormone



LHRH

luteinizing hormone releasing hormone



LIF

leukaemia-inhibitory factor



LSCS

lower-segment caesarean section



LUS

lower uterine segment



MCV

mean blood cell volume



MESA

microepidermal sperm aspiration



MHC

major histocompatibility complex



MIS

Müllerian-inhibiting substance (also known as Müllerian-inhibiting hormone, MIH)



MLCK

myosin light-chain kinase



mRNA

messenger ribonucleic acid



MRSA

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus



MSH

melanocyte-stimulating hormone



MSU

midstream specimen of urine



mtDNA

mitochondrial DNA



NIDDM

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus



NK cell

natural killer cell



NO

nitric oxide



NPN

non-protein nitrogen



NPU

net protein utilization



NPY

neuropeptide Y



NSAID

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug



NSP

non-starch polysaccharide



NST

non-shivering thermogenesis



NT

nuchal translucency



NTD

neural tube defect



NVP

nausea and vomiting in pregnancy



PE

pulmonary embolism



PCOS

polycystic ovary syndrome



PDE

phosphodiesterase



PDZ

partial zona dissection



PESA

percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration



PGC

primordial germ cell



PGD

preimplantation genetic diagnosis



PGH

placental growth hormone



PGDH

prostaglandin dehydrogenase



Pi

inorganic phosphate



PID

pelvic inflammatory disease



PKU

phenylketonuria



PLA
2

phospholipase A2



PLC

phospholipase C



PMDD

premenstrual dysphoric disorder



PMS

premenstrual syndrome



PPH

postpartum haemorrhage



PRL

prolactin



PROM

premature rupture of the membranes



PSA

prostate specific antigen



PUFA

polyunsaturated fatty acid



RAS

renin–angiotensin system



RDI

recommended dietary intake



RDS

respiratory distress syndrome



REM

rapid eye movement



RER

rough endoplasmic reticulum



RNA

ribonucleic acid



rRNA

ribosomal ribonucleic acid



RSA

recurrent spontaneous abortion



SAN

sinoatrial node



SER

smooth endoplasmic reticulum



SGA

small for gestational age



sIg

surface immunoglobulin



SLE

systemic lupus erythematosus



SNP

single nucleotide polymorphism



SRY

sex determining region on the Y chromosome



STD

sexual transmitted disease



SUZI

subzonal sperm injection



T
3

tri-iodothyronine



T
4

thyroxine



TB

tuberculosis



TBG

thyroxin-binding globulin



TBP

thyroid-binding protein



TEF

thermic effect of food



TENS

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation



TGF

transforming growth factor



T
h cells

T helper cells



TNF

tumour necrosis factor



tRNA

transfer ribonucleic acid



TSH

thyroid-stimulating hormone



TxA
2

thromboxane A2



U-LGL

uterine large granular leukocytes



UVR

ultraviolet radiation



UTI

urinary tract infection



VIP

vasoactive intestinal peptide



VLDL

very-low-density lipoprotein



WHI

Women's Health Initiative (studies on HRT)



ZIFT

zygote intrafallopian transfer



ZP

zona pellucida


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