BASIC CONCEPTS

Berne RM, Levy MN: Cardiovascular Physiology,  8th ed.. St. Louis, Mosby, 2001.

Fisch C: Centennial of the string galvanometer and the electrocardiogram.  J Am Coll Cardiol  2000; 26:1737-1745.

Mirvis DM: Electrocardiography: A Physiologic Approach,  St. Louis, Mosby, 1993.

NORMAL AND ABNORMAL ECG PATTERNS

Ashley EU, Raxwal VK, Froelicher VF: The prevalence and prognostic significance of electrocardiographic abnormalities.  Curr Probl Cardiol  2000; 25:1-72.

Goldberger AL: Myocardial Infarction: Electrocardiographic Differential Diagnosis,  4th ed.. St. Louis, Mosby, 1991.

Mirvis DM, Goldberger AL: Electrocardiography.   In: Zipes D, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, ed. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine,  7th ed.. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2004.

Park MK, Guntheroth WG: How to Read Pediatric ECGs,  3rd ed.. St. Louis, Mosby, 1992.

Surawicz B, Knilans TK: Chou's Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice,  5th ed.. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2001.

ARRHYTHMIAS, PACEMAKERS, AND IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATORS

Josephson ME: Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology,  3rd ed.. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Saksena S, Camm AJ, Boyden PA, Dorian P, Goldschlager N: Electrophysiological Disorders of the Heart,  Philadelphia, Churchill Livingstone, 2005.

Zipes D: Cardiac arrhythmias.   In: Zipes D, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, ed. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine,  7th ed.. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2004.

Zipes D, Jalife J: Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside,  3rd ed.. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2004.

FREE WEB-BASED ECG/ARRHYTHMIA RESOURCES

American College of Cardiology : ECG of the month.  http://www.acc.org/education/online/

American Heart Association : www.americanheart.org

Heart Rhythm Society : www.hrsonline.org

Medical Multimedia Laboratories : SVT tutorial.  www.blaufuss.org

Nathanson LA, McClennen S, Safran C, Goldberger AL: ECG Wave-Maven: Self-Assessment Program for Students and Clinicians.  http://ecg.bidmc.harvard.edu