1 Health’s Dependence on Nutrition
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Stress … at Work, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 99–101 (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH], 1999), NIOSH Publications and Products webpage, www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/99-101/.
2. WGBH Educational Foundation and the Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine, “Why Sleep Matters: Benefits of Sleep,” Healthy Sleep Web Site, http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/matters/benefits-of-sleep.
3. C. Gronfier, R. Luthringer, M. Follenius, N. Schaltenbrand, J.P Macher, A. Muzet, G. Brandenberger, “A Quantitative Evaluation of the Relationships Between Growth Hormone Secretion and Delta Wave Electroencephalographic Activity During Normal Sleep and After Enrichment in Delta Waves,” Sleep 19, no. 10 (1996): 817–24, www.journalsleep.org/Articles/191010.pdf.
4. World Health Organization (WHO), “Nutrition Topics: Micronutrients,” WHO website, www.who.int/nutrition/topics/micronutrients/en.
5. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), “Chapter 2: Adequate Nutrients Within Calories Needs,” in Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005,updated July 9, 2008, USDA webpage, www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/html/chapter2.htm.
6. Joel Fuhrman. Website, eatrightamerica.com/nutritarian-lifestyle/Measuring-the-Nutrient-Density-of-your-Food. See also Fuhrman, Eat to Live: The Amazing Nutrient-Rich Program for Fast and Sustained Weight Loss, Rev. edn. (Little, Brown, 2011).
7. Sarah Burns, “Nutritional Value of Fruits, Veggies Is Dwindling; Chemicals That Speed Growth May Impair Ability to Absorb Soil’s Nutrients,” Prevention, updated July 9, 2010, www.msnbc.msn.com/id/37396355.
8. University of Maryland Medical Center, “Omega-6 Fatty Acids” (2006), www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-6-000317.htm.
9. Arthur C. Guyton, M.D., and John E. Hall, M.D., Textbook of Medical Physiology, Ninth edn. (W.B. Saunders, 1996), 963.
10. Ibid.
11. Diana Schwarzbein, M.D., The Schwarzbein Principle II, The Transition (Health Communications, Inc., 2002), 114.
12. J.C. Waterlow, “Enzyme Changes in Malnutrition,” Journal of Clinical Pathology 4 (1970): 75–79, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1176288.
2 Eating Resources: The Environmental Toll of Food Production
1. Preston Sullivan, Sustainable Soil Management: Soil System Guide, publication (Fayetteville, AR: National Sustainable Agricultural Information Service, National Center for Appropriate Technology, May 2004), http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/PDF/soilmgmt.pdf.
2. Mary Carter, “Heart Disease Still the Most Likely Reason You’ll Die,” CNN, November 1, 2006, www.cnn.com/2006/HEALTH/10/30/heart.overview/index.html; “About the American Heart Association …,” Fiscal Year 2005–06, South Carolina, Fact Sheet, American Heart Association, www.americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/11453667380862005-2006%20SC%20Fact%20Sheet.doc.
3. World Health Organization “Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Global Strategy, Facts Related to Chronic Disease, Fact Sheet,” 2003, www.who.int/hpr/gs.fs.chronic.disease.shtml#:%20WHY%20IS%20THIS%20HAPPENING?
4. “Linus Pauling—Biography,” Nobelprize.org, January 26, 2011, http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1954/pauling-bio.html.
5. PhysicalNutrient.net, “Soil Mineral Depletion: Can a Healthy Diet Be Sufficient in Today’s World?” www.physicalnutrition.net/soil-mineral-depletion.htm.
6. Organic-world.net, “Table: World: Organic Agriculture by Country: Organic Agricultural Land, Share of Total Agricultural Land, Producers 2008,” www.organic-world.net/statistics-world-area-producers.html.
7. Brian Halweil, Critical Issue Report: Still No Free Lunch: Nutrient Levels in U.S. Food Supply Eroded by Pursuit of High Yields (The Organic Center, September 2007), www.organic-center.org/reportfiles/Yield_Nutrient_Density_Final.pdf.
8. Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2006), www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e00.htm.
9. Ibid.
10. R.I. Levy and J. Moskowitz, “Cardiovascular Research: Decades of Progress, A Decade of Promise,” Science 217 (1982): 121–29.
11. Mark Gold, The Global Benefits of Eating Less Meat: A Report by Compassion in World Farming Trust, Foreword by Jonathon Porritt (Hampshire, UK: CWF Trust, 2004), 22, http://awellfedworld.org/PDF/CIWF%20Eat%20Less%20Meat.pdf.
12. D. Pimentel, “Livestock Production and Energy Use,” in R. Matsumura, ed., Encyclopedia of Energy (San Diego, CA: Elsevier, 2004): 671–76.
13. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Statistics (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2001).
14. David Pimentel and Marcia Pimentel, “Sustainability of Meat-based and Plant-based Diets and the Environment,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 78 (September 2003): 660S-663S, www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/78/3/660S#top.
15. Hillary Mayell, “UN Highlights World Water Crisis,” National Geographic News, June 5, 2003, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/06/0605_030605_watercrisis.html.
16. Livestock’s Long Shadow.
17. Ibid.
18. John Robbins, “2,500 Gallons All Wet?” EarthSave Foundation website, www.earthsave.org/environment/water.htm.
19. Cornell Science News, “End Irrigation Subsidies and Reward Conservation, Cornell Water-Resources Study Advises …,” Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, January 20, 1997, www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Jan97/water.hrs.html.
20. Cornell Science News, “U.S. Could Feed 800 Million People with Grain that Livestock Eat, Cornell Ecologist Advises Animal Scientists; Future Water and Energy Shortages Predicted to Change Face of American Agriculture,” Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, August 7, 1997, www.news.cornell.edu/releases/aug97/livestock.hrs.html.
21. Anndrea Hermann, M.Sc., PAg- VP. Canadian Hemp Trade Alliance 2010, email interview by author, July 28, 2010.
22. U.S. Department of Energy, “Fossil Fuels,” www.energy.gov/energysources/fossilfuels.htm.
23. GlobalPost.com, “Top 7 Suppliers of Oil to the U.S.,” July 28, 2010, www.globalpost.com/dispatch/100726/top-7-us-oil-importers.
24. “The Oil Drum: Net Energy. Discussion About Oil and Our Future,” www.theoildrum.com/node/3839.
25. Petropolis: Aerial Perspectives on the Alberta Tar Sands: A Film by Peter Mettler, dir. Peter Mettler (Greenpeace Canada), www.petropolis-film.com/#/tarsands.
26. “Peak Oil,” Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_oil.
27. Jerome R. Corsi, “Discovery Backs Theory Not ‘Fossil Fuel,’” WorldNetDaily, posted February 1, 2008, www.wnd.com/?pageId=45838.
28. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Latest Findings on National Air Quality, 2001 Status and Trends, EPA Publication No. EPA 454/K- 02–001 (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Emissions, Monitoring, and Analysis Division, 2002), www.epa.gov/air/airtrends/aqtrnd01/summary.pdf.
29. Cornell Science News, “U.S. Could Feed 800 Million People …”
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, “Spotlight: Livestock Impacts on the Environment,” November 2006, www.fao.org/ag/magazine/0612sp1.htm. Full report: Livestock’s Long Shadow (see n. 820).
33. Livestock’s Long Shadow (see n. 820), xxi.
34. Ibid.
35. Latest Findings on National Air Quality, 2001 Status and Trends.
36. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, “Air Pollution & Cardiovascular Disease,” www.niehs.nih.gov/health/impacts/cardiovascular.cfm. Full report (executive summaries and commentary): Reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities Study and the American Cancer Society Study of Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality: A Special Report of the Institute’s Particle Epidemiology Reanalysis Project(Health Effects Institute, 2000), http://pubs.healtheffects.org/getfile.php?u=273.
37. “Oxford Word of the Year: Locavore,” OUP blog, November 12, 2007, http://blog.oup.com/2007/11/locavore.
38. Carnegie Mellon University, “Carnegie Mellon Researchers Report Dietary Choice Has Greater Impact on Climate Change Than Food Miles,” News webpage, April 17, 2008, http://www.cmu.edu/news/archive/2008/April/april17_foodmiles.shtml. Full report: Christopher L. Weber and H. Scott Matthews, “Food Miles and the Relative Climate Impacts of Food Choices in the United States,” Environmental Science & Technology 42 (2008): 3508–13, http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es702969f.
39. Ibid.
40. Ian Sample, “Meat Production ‘Beefs Up Emissions,’” July 19, 2007, www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/jul/19/climatechange. climatechange. Full article: Michele Fanelli, “Meat Is Murder on the Environment,” New Scientist, July 18, 2007, www.newscientist.com/article/mg19526134.500.
41. Ian Sample, “Meat Production ‘Beefs Up Emissions,’” July 19, 2007, www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/jul/19/climatechange.climatechange. Full article: Michele Fanelli, “Meat Is Murder on the Environment,” New Scientist, July 18, 2007, www.newscientist.com/article/mg19526134.500.
42. United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, “Beef: Per Capita Consumption Summary Selected Countries, Kilograms Per Person [table],” in Livestock and Poultry: World Markets and Trade, 2006,www.fas.usda.gov/dlp/circular/2006/06-03LP/bpppcc.pdf.
43. Ibid.
44. “Lunar Distance: Astronomy,” Wikipedia entry, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_distance_(astronomy).
45. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), Science and Research Projects webpage, “Impacts of Food Production and Consumption—EV02007,” http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Menu=Menu&Module=More&Location=None&Completed=0&ProjectID=14071. Full report: C. Foster, K. Green, M. Bleda, P. Dewick, B. Evans, A. Flynn, J. Mylan, Environmental Impacts of Food Production and Consumption: A Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Manchester Business School (London: DEFRA, 2006), http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Document.aspx?Document=EV02007_4601_FRP.pdf.
46. Ibid.
47. “Beef: Per Capita Consumption Summary Selected Countries … ”
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid.
50. Ibid.
51. Dominic Kennedy, “Walking to the Shops ‘Damages Planet More Than Going by Car,’” The Times, August 4, 2007, www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article2195538.ece.
52. “Vega for Sustainability and Reducing Your Carbon Foot Print,” http://myvega.com/sustainability. Values calculated using Falcon Solution’s CO2 Emissions Calculator (www.falconsolution.com/co2-emission).
53. Ibid.
3 An Appetite for Change: Environmental and Health Solutions Through Food
1. Department of Energy and Climate Change [U.K.], “Legislation: Climate Change Act 2008,” www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/legislation/cc_act_08/cc_act_08.aspx.
2. Carbon Trust, “The Carbon Reduction Label,” www.carbon-label.com.
3. Case Study CTS055: Working with Tesco: Product Carbon Footprinting in Practice (London, UK: Carbon Trust, 2008), www.carbontrust.co.uk/publications/pages/publicationdetail.aspx?id=CTS055. www.carbon-label.com/casestudies/Tesco.pdf.
4. Whole Foods Market, “Health Starts Here” webpage, www.wholefoodsmarket.com/nutrition.
5. Anndrea Hermann, email interview (see chap. 2, n. 33).
6. Cornell Science News, “U.S. Could Feed 800 Million People … ” (see chap.2, n. 20).
7. North Williamette Research and Extensive Center, Oregon State University, “Commercial Vegetable Production Guides: Collards and Kale,” last revised April 23, 2002, http://nwrec.hort.oregonstate.edu/collards.html; Pimentel and Pimentel, “Sustainability of Meat-based and Plant-based Diets and the Environment” (see chap. 2, n. 26).
8. Values calculated using Falcon Solution’s CO2 Emissions Calculator (www.falconsolution.com/co2-emission). 2.837 tonnes of carbon dioxide.
9. U.S. Department of Energy, Transportation Energy Data Book, Edition 29 (June 30, 2010), http://cta.ornl.gov/data/index.shtml.
4 Eight Key Components of Good Nutrition
1. University of Maryland Medical Center, “Omega-3 Fatty Acids” (2006), www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htm.