Class: α/β-Adrenergic Blocker
Dosage Forms. Tablet: 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg
Common FDA Label Indication, Dosing, and Titration.
1. Hypertension: Adults: initial, 100 mg po bid; may increase by 100-mg increments po bid every 2-3 d; maintenance 200-400 mg po bid
Off-Label Uses.
1. Hypertension: Children: Initial, 1-3 mg/kg/d po in 2 divided doses; max 10-12 mg/kg/d po up to 600 mg po bid
2. Hypertension, urgency: 200-400 mg po depending on initial blood pressure
MOA. Labetalol is an adrenergic receptor blocking drug that has selective α1 and nonselective β-adrenergic receptor blocking actions.
Drug Characteristics: Labetolol
Medication Safety Issues: Labetolol
Drug Interactions: Labetolol
Adverse Reactions: Labetolol
Efficacy Monitoring Parameters. Decreased BP.
Toxicity Monitoring Parameters. Signs/symptoms of peripheral edema, increased heart rate, signs/symptoms of liver damage.
Key Patient Counseling Points. Report signs/symptoms of hypotension with initial dosing and dose changes. Avoid alcohol while taking drug. May cause dizziness. Avoid driving, using machinery, or doing anything else that could be dangerous if not alert. Instruct patient to rise slowly from a sitting/supine position, as labetalol may cause orthostatic hypotension. Report signs/symptoms of bronchospasm, slow heart rate, hepatotoxicity, or syncope. Advise diabetic patients to carefully follow blood sugar levels as beta-blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia. Advise patients against sudden discontinuation of drug as this may cause rebound hypertension.
Clinical Pearls. Safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients younger than 6 y of age.